Post by Admin on Jun 18, 2016 21:20:26 GMT
Birth rate is the number of babies born per 1,000 people in the total population in one year.
Death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in the total population in one year.
The model that helps us understand how a population changes over time is called the demographic transition model or the population cycle.
Factors that influence the rate of population change are:
- Food supply - A growing population needs an increasing food supply.
- War - War greatly increases the death rate in an area.
- Technology - Technology has led to an increase in food supply.
- Health - A good healthcare system allows the death rate to be low and many survive to their elderly ages. Childhood vaccinations greatly decrease the death rate.
- Education - Education leads to lower birth and death rates.
- Role of women - Educated women leads to lower birth and death rates.
Population pyramids are used to show the gender and age profile of a country. It also shows us if the country is developed or developing.
A developed country has a fairly even population pyramid with the top and base fairly low percentages but the middle of the pyramid with ages like 30-60 have very high percentages of the population.
A developing country has a very narrow top due to not many surviving to their elderly ages and a very long base as infant mortality is very high in these type of countries.
Population pyramids are useful tool for governments and other agencies when planning for the future needs of the population. For example:
- If birth rates are high, the government may need to plan for the extra pressure put on education.
- If the Labour Force is low, there might be a need to bring in migrants to fill the needs of the economy.
Life expectancy shows the average age that people are expected to survive to in a country. Life expectancy is quite high in developed countries but quite low in developing countries.
Infant mortality is the death of children at a very young age. Infant mortality is very high in developing countries but extremely low in developed countries.
An example of a city with a high population density I have studied is Kolkata (i.e. Calcutta). There are over 14 million people living in the city and as a result of its high population density, it suffers many major problems but I am going to explain two problems it suffers. Firstly, Kolkata suffers overcrowding. There simply is not enough living space for all the people who migrate to Kolkata. Many people end up living in shanty towns at the edge of the city. These shanty towns are called bustees. People make homes out of whatever material they can find including cardboard, galvanised metal and plastic. Another major problem Kolkata suffers because of its high population density is the lack of clean water. The sewage pipes in Kolkata are not able to cope with the pressure of such high population density. They can leak and pollute the water supply. When the monsoon rains fall, sewage pipes overflow and contaminate the water supply.
An example of an area with a low population density I have studied is the west of Ireland. In contrast to the opposite side of the country, the west of Ireland has a low population density and suffers from emigration and rural-to-urban migration. As a result of its low population density, the west of Ireland suffers many major problems but I am going to explain two problems it suffers. Firstly, the west of Ireland suffers low marriage rates. Many young people leave the west of Ireland in search of better employment opportunities and access to good services and facilities. This means that fewer people get married, settle and have children in the west of Ireland. This results in a decrease in birth rates which in turn may lead to rural schools closing down and a loss of services in rural areas. Another major problem the west of Ireland suffers because of its low population density is the abandonment of agricultural land. Many of the farms in the west of Ireland are small and unproductive. It is difficult to make a living there and so it is an unattractive career for young people. Instead of inheriting the farm, they choose a career somewhere else. Many of the farmers in the west are older and less inclined to use more modern methods of farming. Some farms become neglected as there isn't anyone left to take them over.
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
Emigration is the movement of people from one country to another.
Immigration is the movement of people from other countries to Ireland.
Barriers to migration are things that prevent people from migrating. E.g. Visas, prices etc.
Push factors are things that make people want to leave a country. E.g. War.
Pull factors are things that make people want to go to a country. E.g. Job opportunities.
Organised migrations are the movement of people planned by a government.
An example of organised migration I have studied is the Plantation of Ulster in 1609. The Plantation of Ulster began in 1609 when English and Scottish Protestants settled on land that was taken from the native Irish. This happened because Kind James I wanted to stop rebellions from taking place and rule the whole island of Ireland as well as he wanted to spread English customs to Ireland. This Plantation was the only successful Plantation of the era and as a result, it had many effects on the country. Planned towns such as Coleraine and Londonderry were built. The settlers brought with them new ideas about farming and improved farming practices. They introduced new crops and increased productivity. The English language became the main spoken language of the country and the Irish language was in decline.
Death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in the total population in one year.
The model that helps us understand how a population changes over time is called the demographic transition model or the population cycle.
Factors that influence the rate of population change are:
- Food supply - A growing population needs an increasing food supply.
- War - War greatly increases the death rate in an area.
- Technology - Technology has led to an increase in food supply.
- Health - A good healthcare system allows the death rate to be low and many survive to their elderly ages. Childhood vaccinations greatly decrease the death rate.
- Education - Education leads to lower birth and death rates.
- Role of women - Educated women leads to lower birth and death rates.
Population pyramids are used to show the gender and age profile of a country. It also shows us if the country is developed or developing.
A developed country has a fairly even population pyramid with the top and base fairly low percentages but the middle of the pyramid with ages like 30-60 have very high percentages of the population.
A developing country has a very narrow top due to not many surviving to their elderly ages and a very long base as infant mortality is very high in these type of countries.
Population pyramids are useful tool for governments and other agencies when planning for the future needs of the population. For example:
- If birth rates are high, the government may need to plan for the extra pressure put on education.
- If the Labour Force is low, there might be a need to bring in migrants to fill the needs of the economy.
Life expectancy shows the average age that people are expected to survive to in a country. Life expectancy is quite high in developed countries but quite low in developing countries.
Infant mortality is the death of children at a very young age. Infant mortality is very high in developing countries but extremely low in developed countries.
An example of a city with a high population density I have studied is Kolkata (i.e. Calcutta). There are over 14 million people living in the city and as a result of its high population density, it suffers many major problems but I am going to explain two problems it suffers. Firstly, Kolkata suffers overcrowding. There simply is not enough living space for all the people who migrate to Kolkata. Many people end up living in shanty towns at the edge of the city. These shanty towns are called bustees. People make homes out of whatever material they can find including cardboard, galvanised metal and plastic. Another major problem Kolkata suffers because of its high population density is the lack of clean water. The sewage pipes in Kolkata are not able to cope with the pressure of such high population density. They can leak and pollute the water supply. When the monsoon rains fall, sewage pipes overflow and contaminate the water supply.
An example of an area with a low population density I have studied is the west of Ireland. In contrast to the opposite side of the country, the west of Ireland has a low population density and suffers from emigration and rural-to-urban migration. As a result of its low population density, the west of Ireland suffers many major problems but I am going to explain two problems it suffers. Firstly, the west of Ireland suffers low marriage rates. Many young people leave the west of Ireland in search of better employment opportunities and access to good services and facilities. This means that fewer people get married, settle and have children in the west of Ireland. This results in a decrease in birth rates which in turn may lead to rural schools closing down and a loss of services in rural areas. Another major problem the west of Ireland suffers because of its low population density is the abandonment of agricultural land. Many of the farms in the west of Ireland are small and unproductive. It is difficult to make a living there and so it is an unattractive career for young people. Instead of inheriting the farm, they choose a career somewhere else. Many of the farmers in the west are older and less inclined to use more modern methods of farming. Some farms become neglected as there isn't anyone left to take them over.
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
Emigration is the movement of people from one country to another.
Immigration is the movement of people from other countries to Ireland.
Barriers to migration are things that prevent people from migrating. E.g. Visas, prices etc.
Push factors are things that make people want to leave a country. E.g. War.
Pull factors are things that make people want to go to a country. E.g. Job opportunities.
Organised migrations are the movement of people planned by a government.
An example of organised migration I have studied is the Plantation of Ulster in 1609. The Plantation of Ulster began in 1609 when English and Scottish Protestants settled on land that was taken from the native Irish. This happened because Kind James I wanted to stop rebellions from taking place and rule the whole island of Ireland as well as he wanted to spread English customs to Ireland. This Plantation was the only successful Plantation of the era and as a result, it had many effects on the country. Planned towns such as Coleraine and Londonderry were built. The settlers brought with them new ideas about farming and improved farming practices. They introduced new crops and increased productivity. The English language became the main spoken language of the country and the Irish language was in decline.